Grades of steel | Avezaat Staal

Avezaat Staal supplies products thermally cut from structural steel and high-tensile steel in various grades. From regular low-alloy steel and high-tensile steel to wear-resistant steel, heat-resistant steel, ship's plate and boiler plate. Products are delivered with inspection certificates according to NEN-EN 10204.
For an overview of available steel grades, click here.

We permanently keep more than 2000 tons of steel in stock, in a wide variety of grades and in thicknesses from 3 to 600 mm. Delivery times are consequently very short. If you would like to know how we can meet your needs, please contact our planners or ask for a quote.

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Applications and composition of steel

Steel is a very widely used, recyclable material. It is used in commercial and industrial buildings, machines, ships, tools, vehicles, packaging (cans), infrastructure (including bridges) and energy-technical installations such as wind turbines among other things.
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Standardised symbols in designations and material numbers of steels

The method of designating steel grades is laid down in NEN-EN 10027-1 and NEN-EN 10027-2.

NEN-EN -10027-1
deals with the way in which the properties of steel are indicated by means of symbols.
NEN -EN -10027-2
deals with the numerical system according to which steel numbers (active ingredient numbers) for steel grades are recorded.
NEN-EN-10025
This lays down the technical delivery conditions of grades of steel.

Our overview of steel grades includes, where applicable, the steel number (active ingredient number).

Characteristic properties of steel

The properties of various grades of steel are determined in particular and separated into mechanical properties and chemical composition. Examples of mechanical properties of a steel grade are:

Yield strength of a steel grade
This is, in short, the tension (in N/mm² (MPa,)) from which the steel will deform plastically, and will therefore no longer fully 'bounce back' to its original shape once the tension is removed.
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The tensile strength
The tensile strength of a steel grade is the stress, expressed in N/mm² (MPa), at which the material collapses/breaks.
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The Hardness
The hardness of steel is to be understood as the resistance to permanent deformation by indentation. The hardness can be determined by measuring the size(s) of indentations, caused in standardised ways.
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The toughness
Different types of steel can be sensitive to brittle breakage at low temperatures. In order to be able to indicate the toughness (being the opposite of brittleness) of a steel grade, the impact value of the material is measured at different temperatures.
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The Carbon Equivalent (CE)
The amount of carbon in a type of steel affects its weldability; weldability decreases with increasing carbon content. Alloying elements also affect weldability. The carbon equivalent is to be considered as a 'comparative measure' of weldability, in which the influence of other alloying elements is included in addition to the influence of carbon. To calculate the carbon equivalent, the following formula is applied:

Carbon equivalent (CE) = C + Mn/6 + (CR+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15

General classification of steel

Over time, many grades of steel have been developed for specific purposes. Absolute, distinct boundaries cannot be drawn in the well-known main groups, for example, both machine steel and structural steel are used in mechanical engineering.

Here are some of the main groups in the classification of steels:

Structural steel
This is used in steel constructions, such as the steel skeletons in buildings, steel hydraulic structures (bridges, weirs), crane masts, wind turbines, etc.
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Steels for mechanical engineering/machine fabrication
Because this material has a somewhat higher carbon content than structural steel, it is harder and the yield strength is higher. It is used in many types of machinery, such as road construction machines, machine tools and production machines. etc.
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Wear-resistant steel
Wear-resistant steels are used, among other things, in the parts of tools that must have an increased resistance to abrasive (abrasive) wear.
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Heat-resistant steel
Heat-resistant steel, also referred to as hot-resistant steel and creep-resistant steel, is used for equipment in which the material is loaded for a long time at higher temperatures.
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Plates for shipbuilding and ship repair
The steel grades AH 36, DH36, EH36, FH36, Grade A and Grade D, are used in shipbuilding, ship repair and the offshore industry.
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Stainless steel
This type of material is widely used in equipment and installations in the petrochemical and food industries, and in ship and yacht constructions.
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Corten Steel
This is a distinct type of steel which, due to a certain degree of weather resistance, is used in an untreated (uncoated) condition for works of art and consumer articles with an 'artistic touch', among other things.

The weather resistance is achieved by the action of the alloying elements NI Cu and CR. These ensure that a relatively dense and impenetrable oxide skin is formed on the material.

Tool steel
Tool steel contains approximately 1% Carbon (C), and, depending on the specific application requirements, alloying elements such as Chromium (Cr), Molybdenum (Mn) and Vanadium (V). Tool steel is used for making punch tools, moulds, deep-drawing dies, measuring tools and hand tools.